COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2-confirmed hospitalisation in the eastern part of the WHO European Region (2022-2023): a test-negative case-control study from the EuroSAVE network.
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Katz MA, Cohuet S, Bino S, Tarkhan-Mouravi O, Kryeziu B, Otorbaeva D, Stavridis K, Stosic M, Sulo J, Machablishvili A, Kalaveshi A, Zhusupovna AS, Kolevska KK, Plavsa D, Hasibra I, Zakhashvili K, Kaçaniku-Deva Z, Zarylbekovna UA, Jancheska E, Jovanovic V, Humphreys J, Howard J, Stolyarov K, Artemchuk O, Widdowson M, Finci I, Rose AMC, Pebody R, EuroSAVE network
Lancet Reg Health Eur 47 (-) 101095
[2024-12-00; online 2024-10-22]
Understanding COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing severe disease is critical to inform vaccine policy. We used the test-negative design to estimate VE against SARS-CoV-2-confirmed hospitalisation in adults ≥18 years in the eastern WHO European Region. We included patients hospitalised for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) at sentinel surveillance sites in Albania, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, North Macedonia, Serbia, and in Kosovo. We collected demographic information, COVID-19 vaccination history, and tested respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. We calculated VE of any vaccine dose received within 12 months (Annual VE) as [(1 - adjusted Odds Ratio) x 100%] using a one-stage pooled analysis. The reference group included unvaccinated individuals and those who received their last vaccine >12 months before symptom onset. During 1 January 1, 2022-November 20, 2023, of 5162 patients, 57.0% (2942) were unvaccinated, 2.5% (129) received only one dose, 26.0% (1340) received only two doses (originally considered a primary series vaccine (PS)), 13.2% (683) received three doses only, and 1.3% (68) received four doses. Most PS vaccines and boosters were BNT162b2 (46.4% (622/1340) and 64.9% (443/683), respectively) and CoronaVac (23.0% (309/1340) and 18.3% (125/683)). No patients received Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson and Johnson) vaccines. Overall, 1009/5162 (19.5%) patients were SARS-CoV-2-positive. VE was 60.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 12.4-81.8) for last vaccine received 14-89 days before symptom onset, 60.0% (95% CI 32.2-76.4) for 90-179 days, 7.0% (95% CI -28.5 to 32.7) for 180-269 days, and -5.4% (95% CI -43.8 to 22.8) for 270-365 days.). During nearly two years of Omicron circulation in the eastern WHO European Region, COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalisations by more than half for 6 months following vaccination. This study was funded by the World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
PubMed 39726724
DOI 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101095
Crossref 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101095
pmc: PMC11670677
pii: S2666-7762(24)00262-X