Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: A comprehensive literature review and discussion of mechanisms.
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Johansson A, Mohamed MS, Moulin TC, Schiöth HB
J Neuroimmunol 358 (-) 577658 [2021-09-15; online 2021-07-10]
Several neurological symptoms and complications have been described in association with COVID-19, such as anosmia, ageusia, encephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Here, we review the literature describing SARS-CoV-2-induced neurological manifestations and provide a comprehensive discussion of proposed mechanisms underlying the neurological pathophysiology. First, we analyse the neuroinvasiveness potential of the coronavirus family based on previous SARS-CoV-1 studies. Then, we describe the current evidence on COVID-19-induced nervous tissue damage, including processes behind brain vasculopathy and cytokine storm. We also discuss in detail anosmia and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Finally, we provide a summarised timeline of the main findings in the field. Future perspectives are presented, and suggestions of further investigations to clarify how SARS-COV-2 can affect the CNS.
PubMed 34304141
DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577658
Crossref 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577658
pmc: PMC8272134
pii: S0165-5728(21)00185-5