X-Linked TLR7 Deficiency Underlies Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Male Patient with Ataxia-Telangiectasia.
JSON
Abolhassani H, Vosughimotlagh A, Asano T, Landegren N, Boisson B, Delavari S, Bastard P, Aranda-Guillén M, Wang Y, Zuo F, Sardh F, Marcotte H, Du L, Zhang SY, Zhang Q, Rezaei N, Kämpe O, Casanova JL, Hammarström L, Pan-Hammarström Q
J Clin Immunol - (-) - [2021-10-23; online 2021-10-23]
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to critical conditions. Understanding the mechanism underlying life-threatening COVID-19 is instrumental for disease prevention and treatment in individuals with a high risk. We aimed to identify the genetic cause for critical COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with a preexisting inborn error of immunity (IEI). Serum levels of specific antibodies against the virus and autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs) were measured. Whole exome sequencing was performed, and the impacts of candidate gene variants were investigated. We also evaluated 247 ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients in the Iranian IEI registry. We report a 7-year-old Iranian boy with a preexisting hyper IgM syndrome who developed critical COVID-19 pneumonia. IgM only specific COVID-19 immune response was detected but no autoantibodies against type I IFN were observed. A homozygous deleterious mutation in the ATM gene was identified, which together with his antibody deficiency, radiosensitivity, and neurological signs, established a diagnosis of A-T. Among the 247 A-T patients evaluated, 36 had SARS-CoV-2 infection, but all had mild symptoms or were asymptomatic except the index patient. A hemizygous deleterious mutation in the TLR7 gene was subsequently identified in the patient. We report a unique IEI patient with combined ATM and TLR7 deficiencies. The two genetic defects underlie A-T and critical COVID-19 in this patient, respectively.
Category: Genomics & transcriptomics
PubMed 34686943
DOI 10.1007/s10875-021-01151-y
Crossref 10.1007/s10875-021-01151-y
pii: 10.1007/s10875-021-01151-y
pmc: PMC8536475