MAIT cell activation and dynamics associated with COVID-19 disease severity.

Parrot T, Gorin J, Ponzetta A, Maleki KT, Kammann T, Emgård J, Perez-Potti A, Sekine T, Rivera-Ballesteros O, Karolinska COVID-19 Study Group , Gredmark-Russ S, Rooyackers O, Folkesson E, Eriksson LI, Norrby-Teglund A, Ljunggren H, Björkström NK, Aleman S, Buggert M, Klingström J, Strålin K, Sandberg JK

Sci Immunol 5 (51) - [2020-09-28; online 2020-09-30]

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by excessive inflammation of the lower airways. The balance of protective versus pathological immune responses in COVID-19 is incompletely understood. Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are antimicrobial T cells that recognize bacterial metabolites, and can also function as innate-like sensors and mediators of antiviral responses. Here, we investigated the MAIT cell compartment in COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe disease, as well as in convalescence. We show profound and preferential decline in MAIT cells in the circulation of patients with active disease paired with strong activation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses indicated significant MAIT cell enrichment and pro-inflammatory IL-17A bias in the airways. Unsupervised analysis identified MAIT cell CD69 high and CXCR3low immunotypes associated with poor clinical outcome. MAIT cell levels normalized in the convalescent phase, consistent with dynamic recruitment to the tissues and later release back into the circulation when disease is resolved. These findings indicate that MAIT cells are engaged in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and suggest their possible involvement in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.

Category: Genomics & transcriptomics

Category: Health

Category: Proteins

Funder: KAW/SciLifeLab

Funder: VR

Research Area: Data-driven research – models and AI

Research Area: Host cell systems biology and targets

Type: Journal article

PubMed 32989174

DOI 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe1670

Crossref 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe1670

Curated flow cytometry data are available for exploration via the Karolinska COVID-19 Immune Atlas
Raw data available in the supplementary materials


Publications 9.5.0